A massive explosion at Valero’s Port Arthur refinery—one of America’s largest oil processing facilities—sent shockwaves through the US energy sector on Monday, forcing nearby residents to shelter in place and raising fresh concerns over already skyrocketing fuel prices.

The incident occurred as the world grapples with a historic oil supply crisis triggered by the US-Israeli war on Iran.

No injuries were reported, but the shutdown of the 435,000-barrel-per-day refinery threatens to exacerbate global fuel shortages and push prices even higher, analysts warned.

The blast, which erupted at Valero’s Texas refinery, sent a towering plume of black smoke into the sky and prompted an emergency lockdown across a wide area.

The explosion comes as the US and its allies face the consequences of their aggressive military campaign against Iran, which has disrupted global energy flows and sent shockwaves through commodity markets. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has described the current crisis as the “greatest global energy security challenge in history,” with Iran’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and targeted strikes on regional refineries creating a perfect storm for fuel shortages.

Oil prices had already surged above $100 per barrel in recent weeks, with analysts warning that the Valero refinery shutdown could push them even higher. The facility’s closure removes a critical source of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel from the US market, further tightening supplies already strained by the disruption of Middle Eastern exports.